Understanding Uterine Fibroids: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

Introduction

Uterine fibroids are common growths that form in the uterus. Many women have these non-cancerous tumors at some point in their lives. Although most fibroids are harmless, they can cause discomfort or other health problems. In this blog, you will learn about uterine fibroids, their symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment options. Understanding these facts can help you make informed choices about your health.

What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Uterine fibroids are lumps made of muscle and tissue that grow inside or on the uterus. The uterus is the organ where a baby grows during pregnancy. Fibroids can be as small as a seed or as large as a melon. Most fibroids are not cancerous. In fact, they rarely turn into cancer. Some women may have only one fibroid, while others may have many. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), fibroids are most common in women aged 30 to 50.

Common Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids

Not all women with fibroids have symptoms. However, some may notice changes in their bodies. For example, you might experience:

  • Heavy or long periods
  • Pain or pressure in the lower belly
  • Frequent need to urinate
  • Constipation
  • Back or leg pain
  • Pain during sex
  • Difficulty getting pregnant

    • Sometimes, symptoms depend on the size and location of the fibroids. If you notice any of these signs, it is wise to talk to your doctor.

    Causes and Risk Factors

    Doctors do not know the exact cause of uterine fibroids. However, several factors may increase your risk. For instance, hormones like estrogen and progesterone help fibroids grow. Family history also plays a role. If your mother or sister had fibroids, you may be more likely to get them. Other risk factors include:

  • Being overweight
  • Starting your period at a young age
  • Eating a lot of red meat
  • Not eating enough fruits and vegetables
  • Being African American, as fibroids are more common in this group

    • Even though these factors can raise your risk, anyone with a uterus can develop fibroids.

    How Uterine Fibroids Are Diagnosed

    Doctors use several methods to find out if you have fibroids. First, your doctor may ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, a pelvic exam can help check for changes in the shape of your uterus. Often, doctors use imaging tests to see fibroids more clearly. These tests include:

  • Ultrasound: Uses sound waves to create pictures of the uterus.
  • MRI: Makes detailed images of the uterus and fibroids.
  • Hysteroscopy: A thin tube with a camera looks inside the uterus.

    • With these tests, doctors can find the size, number, and location of fibroids. This helps them choose the best treatment.

    Treatment Options for Uterine Fibroids

    Treatment depends on your symptoms, age, and plans for having children. Sometimes, no treatment is needed if fibroids do not cause problems. However, if you have symptoms, your doctor may suggest:

  • Medicines: These can help shrink fibroids or ease symptoms. For example, birth control pills can reduce heavy bleeding.
  • Non-surgical procedures: Uterine artery embolization blocks blood flow to fibroids, causing them to shrink.
  • Surgery: Myomectomy removes fibroids but keeps the uterus. Hysterectomy removes the uterus and is a permanent solution.

    • Each treatment has benefits and risks. Therefore, it is important to discuss your options with a healthcare provider. The World Health Organization (WHO) and CDC recommend choosing the least invasive treatment that works for you.

    Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

    While you cannot always prevent fibroids, healthy habits may lower your risk. For example, you can:

  • Eat more fruits and vegetables
  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • Exercise regularly
  • Limit red meat and processed foods
  • See your doctor for regular check-ups

    • These steps support your overall health and may help prevent fibroids from growing larger.

    Conclusion

    Uterine fibroids are common and often harmless, but they can cause discomfort for some women. Early diagnosis and the right treatment can help you manage symptoms and improve your quality of life. If you think you may have fibroids or have questions about your health, consult a healthcare specialist for personalized advice about uterine fibroids.